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Installing PPP
15 March 1999
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I've just finished Installing FreeBSD on a Windows 95 machine
and now I want to get the modem running. So the next step is to install User PPP.
I'm starting with the PPP -
Pedantic PPP Primer section of The FreeBSD
Handbook. You should read that document in conjunction with this article. Eventually
I will be using the -alias option and maybe adding in some firewall
stuff. But that will be for another article. |
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Which PPP?
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| There are two types of PPP but we will deal only with one of them: User-PPP.
This is the version of PPP which is commonly used by people. Kernel-PPP requires
much more work to set up and configure. |
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Before you begin
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The best thing you can do before you start with PPP is figure out the details of your
hardware. You'll need to know the following things:
- the port your modem is on
- the speed of your modem
- your login id for your ISP
- your login password for your ISP
- whether or not your ISP assigns you a dynamic or a static IP
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Things to read now
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The following articles should be read before you continue. You don't have to
read all of it, just be aware of the terms they use and the topics they cover. They
will be useful during the setup. I recommend them in the order they appear. I
suggest you set up your machine using the first resource and referring to my examples.
They might help.
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Configuration
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This section talks about creating your /etc/ppp/ppp.conf file. The
contents of my file are listed below. The following items should be changed.
They are in bold italics for emphasis.
- speed
- phone
- authname
- authkey
- ifaddr
Please note that this section assumes that your ISP assigns you a static IP. If
you are assigned an IP dynamically, please see PPP Configuration section
of the FreeBSD Handbook. See the link
below for a non-HTML formatted copy of this file.
default:
set log Phase Chat Connect LCP tun command
set device /dev/cuaa0
set speed 38400
deny lqr
set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 60 \"\" ATE1Q0
OK-AT-OK \\dATDT\\T TIMEOUT 40 CONNECT"
myisp:
set phone 555-1212
set redial 10 4
set login
set authname blumsky
set authkey 42over90
set timeout 0
set ifaddr 203.96.56.57/32 192.168.0.1/0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
add default HISADDR
enable dns
Note that the space at the start of some of the lines is needed.. I
have supplied a straight text copy which will probably
copy/paste better than that listed above..
I'll be using COM1 (sio0) for my modem. From Windows, I found that
COM1 is using IRQ 4 and I/O Base of 0x3F8. You can find this out from Control
Panel/System/Device Manager. This varies from the standard kernel so I had to create a custom kernel.
The ifaddr deserves special attention. Remember that my ISP assigns me
a static IP address. The first number (203.96.56.57/32) is
that IP. You should refer to the CONTROLLING
IP ADDRESS section of man ppp for more detail. It contains
serveral examples and you should pick the one that suits you best. |
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Manually using the modem
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I was having trouble getting the above script to work. So I decided to try
dialing manually. At this confirms that my modem can and will work! I have
been able to dial up my ISP by trying the following:
kennett# ppp
Working in interactive mode
Using interface: tun0
ppp ON kennett> term
deflink: Entering terminal mode on /dev/cuaa0
atdt555-1212
CONNECT 28800/ARQ/V34/LAPM/V42BIS
Myisp Networks Ltd
NOTE: Please configure your system to dial 555-1212
ONLY for PPP.
For assistance, or to report a problem, check out our web page
http://www.myisp.com, or email helpdesk@myisp.com, or phone
555 1212 (office hours).
cs2 line 6
User Access Verification
login: mylogin
Password:
Entering PPP mode.
Async interface address is unnumbered (Ethernet0)
Your IP address is xxx.xx.xx.xx. MTU is 1500 bytes
Header compression will match your system.
~
But when I tried the following, it didn't dial at all:
kennett# ppp
Working in interactive mode
Using interface: tun0
ppp ON kennett> dial myisp
Warning: Add route failed: default already exists
ppp ON kennett> Warning: Chat script failed
ppp ON kennett>
Here's what I was getting in my ppp log:
ppp[285]: Phase: Using interface: tun0
ppp[285]: Phase: deflink: Created in closed state
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: default: set device /dev/cuaa0
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: default: set speed 38400
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: default: deny lqr
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: default: set dial ABORT BUSY ABORT
NO\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 45 "" ATE1
ppp[285]: tun0: Phase: PPP Started (interactive mode).
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: /dev/tty: dial myisp
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: myisp: set phone 801-6622
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: myisp: set login
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: myisp: set authname dvlsoft
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: myisp: set authkey ********
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: myisp: set timeout 0
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: myisp: set ifaddr 203.96.56.57
192.100.53.23 255.255.255.255 0.0
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: myisp: add default HISADDR
ppp[285]: tun0: Command: myisp: enable dns
ppp[285]: tun0: Phase: bundle: Establish
ppp[285]: tun0: Phase: deflink: closed -> opening
ppp[285]: tun0: Phase: deflink: Connected!
ppp[285]: tun0: Phase: deflink: opening -> dial
ppp[285]: tun0: Phase: Phone: 801-6622
ppp[285]: tun0: Chat: deflink: Dial attempt 1 of 1
ppp[285]: tun0: Chat: Send: ATE1Q0^M
ppp[285]: tun0: Chat: Expect(45): OK
ppp[285]: tun0: Chat: Received: ATE1Q0^M^M
ppp[285]: tun0: Chat: Received: OK^M
ppp[285]: tun0: Chat: Send: ATDT801-6622^M
ppp[285]: tun0: Chat: Expect(40): CONNECT
ppp[285]: tun0: Chat: Expect timeout
ppp[285]: tun0: Phase: deflink: dial -> hangup
ppp[285]: tun0: Phase: deflink: Disconnected!
ppp[285]: tun0: Phase: deflink: Connect time: 42 secs:
0 octets in, 0 octets out
ppp[285]: tun0: Phase: total 0 bytes/sec, peak 0 bytes/sec
on Mon Mar 15 05:43:47 1999
ppp[285]: tun0: Phase: deflink: hangup -> closed
ppp[285]: tun0: Phase: bundle: Dead
So what I did was increase my timeout to 45 from 40. And I connected!
Here's what I was getting in my log then:
ppp[314]: Phase: Using interface: tun0
ppp[314]: Phase: deflink: Created in closed state
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: default: set device /dev/cuaa0
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: default: set speed 38400
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: default: deny lqr
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: default: set dial ABORT BUSY ABORT
NO\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 45 "" ATE1Q0
OK-AT-OK \dATDT\T TIMEOUT 40 CONNECT
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: PPP Started (interactive mode).
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: /dev/tty: dial myisp
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: myisp: set phone 801-6622
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: myisp: set login
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: myisp: set authname dvlsoft
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: myisp: set authkey ********
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: myisp: set timeout 0
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: myisp: set ifaddr 203.96.56.57
192.100.53.23 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: myisp: add default HISADDR
ppp[314]: tun0: Command: myisp: enable dns
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: bundle: Establish
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: deflink: closed -> opening
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: deflink: Connected!
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: deflink: opening -> dial
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: Phone: 801-6622
ppp[314]: tun0: Chat: deflink: Dial attempt 1 of 1
ppp[314]: tun0: Chat: Send: ATE1Q0^M
ppp[314]: tun0: Chat: Expect(45): OK
ppp[314]: tun0: Chat: Received: ATE1Q0^M^M
ppp[314]: tun0: Chat: Received: OK^M
ppp[314]: tun0: Chat: Send: ATDT801-6622^M
ppp[314]: tun0: Chat: Expect(40): CONNECT
ppp[314]: tun0: Chat: Received: ATDT801-6622^M^M
ppp[314]: tun0: Chat: Received: CONNECT
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: deflink: dial -> login
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: deflink: login -> lcp
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: FSM: Using "deflink" as a transport
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: State change Initial --> Closed
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: State change Closed --> Stopped
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: LayerStart
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: SendConfigReq(1) state = Stopped
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: ACFCOMP[2]
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: PROTOCOMP[2]
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: ACCMAP[6] 0x00000000
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: MRU[4] 1500
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: MAGICNUM[6] 0x4b6ae4d1
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: State change Stopped
--> Req-Sent
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: SendConfigReq(1)
state = Req-Sent
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: ACFCOMP[2]
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: PROTOCOMP[2]
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: ACCMAP[6] 0x00000000
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: MRU[4] 1500
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: MAGICNUM[6] 0x4b6ae4d1
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: RecvConfigReq(225)
state = Req-Sent
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: ACCMAP[6] 0x000a0000
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: AUTHPROTO[4] 0xc023 (PAP)
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: MAGICNUM[6] 0x0fc4f116
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: PROTOCOMP[2]
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: ACFCOMP[2]
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: SendConfigAck(225)
state = Req-Sent
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: ACCMAP[6] 0x000a0000
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: AUTHPROTO[4] 0xc023 (PAP)
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: MAGICNUM[6] 0x0fc4f116
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: PROTOCOMP[2]
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: ACFCOMP[2]
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: State change Req-Sent
--> Ack-Sent
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: SendConfigReq(1)
state = Ack-Sent
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: ACFCOMP[2]
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: PROTOCOMP[2]
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: ACCMAP[6] 0x00000000
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: MRU[4] 1500
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: MAGICNUM[6] 0x4b6ae4d1
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: RecvConfigAck(1) state = Ack-Sent
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: State change Ack-Sent --> Opened
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: LayerUp
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: bundle: Authenticate
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: deflink: his = PAP, mine = none
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: Pap Output: dvlsoft ********
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: Pap Input: SUCCESS ()
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: deflink: lcp -> open
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: bundle: Network
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: RecvProtocolRej(226)
state = Opened
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: -- Protocol 0x80fd (Compression
Control Protocol) was rejected!
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: RecvEchoRequest(1) state = Opened
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: SendEchoReply(1) state = Opened
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: RecvEchoRequest(2) state = Opened
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: SendEchoReply(2) state = Opened
ppp[314]: tun0: Phase: deflink: HDLC errors -> FCS: 1, ADDR: 0,
COMD: 0, PROTO: 0
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: RecvEchoRequest(3) state = Opened
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: SendEchoReply(3) state = Opened
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: RecvEchoRequest(4) state = Opened
ppp[314]: tun0: LCP: deflink: SendEchoReply(4) state = Opened
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Routing tables and interfaces
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Here's what tun0 looked like after connecting:
$ ifconfig tun0
tun0: flags=8051 mtu 1500
inet 203.96.56.57 --> 192.100.53.23 netmask 0xffffffff
Here's what my routing table looked like before I connected. Note that unless you
have a network card, you probably won't have a line like the ones with Netif = ed0.
kennett# netstat -rn
Routing tables
Internet:
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0
192.168 link#1 UC 0 0 ed0
And after connecting:
kennett# netstat -rn
Routing tables
Internet:
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
default 192.100.53.23 UGSc 0 0 tun0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0
192.100.53.23 203.96.56.57 UH 1 0 tun0
192.168 link#1 UC 0 0 ed0
You can see that the IP specified in my ifaddr line of my configuration file appears
under Gateway for the destination 192.100.52.23, which is the local address of tun0.
The default address is also the same destination. This means that unless
another destination is found, the traffic will go out on that address, to your ISP. |
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If you have problems
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- If the modem is external, make sure the modem is plugged into the correct serial port
and is powered on.
- Check that you are specifying the correct port in the ppp configuration file.
- Verify that your ifaddr line is correct. Look at the CONTROLLING
IP ADDRESS section of man ppp.
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Advanced configurations
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| This example involves only one configuration, namely, the myisp setup.
You can have more than one configuration within the file. See the PPP - Pedantic PPP Primer for
examples on how this can be done. |
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Auto dialing
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You can configure PPP so that it dials your ISP whenever traffic is ready to go out.
For example, whenever someone browses to a webpage, etc. This can be done by
issuing the following command:
ppp -auto myisp
You could do this at boot time by adding the following to /etc/rc.local
(NOTE: /etc/rc.local is deprecated; use /usr/local/etc/rc.d/
instead; see Starting stuff at boot time and Installing IP Filter 3.3.3 for an
example):
echo " ppp" && ppp -auto myisp
If you were adding this to /usr/local/etc/rc.d/, you would have this
instead:
#!/bin/sh
echo " ppp" && ppp -auto myisp
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Auto hangup
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You can set this connection to automatically hang up after an idle period by adding
the following line to your configuration file:
set timeout 600
This will hang up after 600 seconds. If you set it to zero, it will never time
out. |
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Manual hangup
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If you issue the following command, ppp will terminate the current connection:
killall -INT ppp
This will cause ppp to terminate:
killall -HUP ppp
See man
ppp for more information. |
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